First things first: who invented this technique? It wasn’t the main character of Mr. Robot but Ralph Nelson Elliott, an American accountant who worked in Central America in the 1920s. While he was ...

Speed\((v)\) is in metres per second \(m\,s^{-1}\), distance \((d)\) in metres \((m)\) and time\( (t)\) in seconds \((s)\). Measuring the time taken for a sound wave ...

This study investigates a two- and three-dimensional (2D/3D) symbol mapping technique for evaluating the quality of multi-valued data transmission and assessing the performance of equalizers. The ...

In high-speed data communication, inter-symbol interference (ISI), arising from the low-pass characteristics of transmission lines, introduces significant challenges. To address this issue, we propose ...